Would you agree with the proposition that the physical geography was Article

Would you concur with the suggestion that the physical topography was the primary factor in the rise and extension of the early enormous political frameworks of West Africa - Article Example These are the locales shared by these tremendous realms that possessed these regions since the antiquated occasions. This paper tries to set up the legitimacy of the possibility that physical topography was the principle factor for the rise and development of the political frameworks in this district. The estimations of land comparable to the monetary exercises of the individuals that live in this spot are the key factors that would impact the topographical remain. The whole area share an assortment of old and current lifestyles and the recorded divisions of the times of improvement from ancient times to the post autonomous period directs all the exercises that have been going on in the district. In the sixteenth century, realms fired structure themselves up on the shoreline of West Africa. Ghana was to the far west, a realm that was managed totally by rulers and was in this way steady. The economy of these individuals, which profoundly added to the particular areas they settled, was comprised of iron, gold mining and farming. These were exchanged with the Berber people group from the northern piece of the Sahara. Toward the east of Ghana realm, the Mande individuals had the Mali realm rehearsing exchange. The Mali individuals were commonly dealers and this was affected by their s ituation along the exchange courses. They involved land between the backwoods and the desert. This permitted them to control exchange the Sahara locale. The exchange was in brilliant things from neighboring locales of the Ghana and in this way making a breathing space for the real improvement of the slave exchange. The Ghana Empire lived in a gold rich area and the lord was pleased to such an extent that he considered himself the most extravagant man he had ever observed. This implies he would not move his realm to somewhere else or be driven away by an adversary power in light of this pride and satisfaction of living in a gold locale. Huge traditions like the Songhai were all the more remarkable yet there was more

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 16

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Given the noteworthy changes in the interest of a company’s merchandise and enterprises, the quantity of required workers likewise changes. Human asset the board assumes an essential job over the achievement of actualizing authoritative scaling back. Without human asset the board, it would be troublesome with respect to the human asset directors to successfully deal with representatives when association change gets inescapable. As a major aspect of the investigation of human asset the board, human asset administrators are urged to have serious authority and relational abilities. Beside giving the perusers a rundown of prescribed arrangements on the most proficient method to limit and forestall the lost of business openings related with the negative results of actualizing hierarchical cutting back technique, this investigation will talk about the significance of utilizing transformational and credible initiative style which are reasonable while executing authoritative scaling down. As a final product of globalization, numerous organizations today are rebuilding their authoritative and business approach so as to keep the neighborhood firms serious in the nearby and worldwide market. (Business Week, 1997) One of the most widely recognized rebuilding systems that intend to expand the proficiency of an organization is hierarchical cutting back. Albeit numerous organizations have delighted in the advantages from authoritative scaling back regarding expanding the gainfulness of the organization by diminishing its operational expense and making its operational procedure increasingly proficient, it stays inescapable that most experience interior issues identified with its current representatives. Each authoritative scaling back occasion could result to unsurprising results regarding having comparative issues identified with the sentiments of selling out, loss of trust in the administration of the organization, and encountering interior clashes between the corporate administration and workers in accordance with holding and losing their employment. (Strom, 2008) thus, the need

Relationship Between Leadership and Employee Performance

Connection Between Leadership and Employee Performance The motivation behind the investigation was to look at the impact of authority on worker execution considering the five variables of initiative advancement that are instructing, preparing and improvement, strengthening, cooperation and assignment. In this manner these structure the autonomous factors that are influencing representative presentation which is the needy variable. The theories expressed in the investigation are relating authority to worker execution thinking about these five unique components. Since this entire examination rotates around the significance of authority improvement and its effect on representative presentation, the connection between these factors of administration with the worker execution have been considered and inquired about upon. Exploratory research is done and an accommodation examining procedure is utilized. Polls were additionally coursed and SPSS-14 is utilized for information investigation. Pearson Correlation and Regression examination is likew ise performed. The examination demonstrated a solid positive connection between initiative advancement with representative execution. A chief must have authority characteristics so as to adjust to the exhibition principles set by the organization. All the six theories built up are acknowledged and are decidedly identified with representative execution, with preparing and improvement the most grounded variable of initiative affecting worker execution. Vigoda-Gadot, Eran. 2005-2006. Administration Style, Organizational Politics and Employees Performance: An Empirical Examination of Two Competing Models. This examination means to research the job of hierarchical execution as an interceding factor between initiative style and the workers execution. Consequently, the autonomous variable is initiative; the reliant variable is worker execution though hierarchical execution is an interceding variable. Polls were circled and a study was taken. A Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire measure was utilized. Exploratory Factor Analysis and a relationship investigation were additionally done. The investigation has six speculations. One speculation expresses that transformational and value-based authority are emphatically related with in-job execution and OCB (Eran, 2006), another express that transformational administration will impact formal execution and OCB than value-based initiative (Eran, 2006). Another speculation is that impression of h ierarchical legislative issues are adversely identified with representatives in-job execution (Eran, 2006). Additionally, there is a theory that view of authoritative legislative issues intervene the connection among value-based and transformational administration, on one hand, and in-job execution and OCB on the other (Eran, 2006). It was likewise tried whether the connection among initiative and execution was immediate or circuitous. A positive relationship was found between transformational authority and execution; anyway value-based initiative and execution had a negative relationship. Indisputably, hierarchical governmental issues has been viewed as a compelling go between among administration and execution. As per the examination, transformational authority has a more straightforward constructive outcome on representatives execution. Hayward. A. Brett. (2005). Connection between Employee Performance, Leadership and Emotional Intelligence in a South African Parastatal Organization. This examination was led to look at the connection between initiative, enthusiastic insight and the presentation of representatives. Accordingly, the two free factors are initiative and passionate knowledge though the reliant variable is representative execution. An example of 160 pioneers and 800 raters was taken and a factual investigation was finished utilizing the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire measure and the Emotional Competency Profiler. A straight relapse was run and a relationship investigation was completed. Four unique speculations were framed yet two of them are significant for my investigation. To start with, there is no critical positive direct connection between worker execution and a genuinely shrewd value-based pioneer (Brett, 2005) and that there is a noteworthy positive straight connection between representative execution and a sincerely wise value-based pioneer (Brett, 2005). The subsequent speculation expresses that there is no noteworthy positive straight connection between worker execution and a genuinely smart transformational pioneer (Brett, 2005) and that there is a huge positive direct connection between representative execution and a sincerely keen transformational pioneer (Brett, 2005). The outcomes show that there is a huge direct connection between worker execution and a genuinely clever, value-based pioneer. Be that as it may, a noteworthy direct connection between representative execution and a genuinely astute transformational pioneer doesn't exist and furthermore that there is inadequate proof to demonstrate that. This entire examination and its discoveries are, in any case, opposing to different investigations that have been directed that show a positive connection between worker execution and a transformational pioneer. A. Oluseyi, Shadare and Hammed, T. Ayo 2009. Impact of Work Motivation, Leadership Effectiveness and Time Management on Employees Performance in Some Selected Industries in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The reason for this examination was to assess the impact of the three free factors; work inspiration, authority adequacy and time the executives, on worker execution that is the needy variable. A sum of 300 staff individuals were chosen through defined arbitrary examining and the information was gathered through Work Motivation Behavior Profile, Leadership Behavior Rating Scale and Time Management Behavior Inventory. A different relapse was run and relationship network was utilized. The investigation answers the three fundamental research questions. To begin with, the relationship is recognized between every free factor and worker execution. Likewise, the composite and relative impact of every one of these factors on representative presentation is investigated. The outcomes show that ev ery one of the three free factors have a positive and huge effect on worker execution, with administration adequacy indicating the most grounded relationship, trailed by work inspiration. In this way administration assumes a fundamental job in improving the presentation of the workers. Sribenjachot, Suteera. 2007. Effect of Leadership Style on Follower Performance in Direct Selling Industry in Thailand. This investigation assesses the effect that value-based and transformational initiative has on execution. Both initiative styles effectsly affect execution. Execution is the reliant variable which is affected by the authority style which is the autonomous variable. Another variable is characterized as pioneer result that is affected by the initiative styles and effects execution. A review look into plan of Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was utilized. The date was gathered through MLQ-5X. Way examination was performed and a factual program known as Analysis of Moment Structure was utilized. A few speculations were shaped; transformational administration has no impact on adherent execution (Suteera, 2007), value-based authority has no impact on supporter execution (Suteera, 2007), transformational initiative has no impact on pioneer result (Suteera, 2007), value-based initiative has no impact on pioneer result (Suteera, 2007) and pioneer results have no impact on devotee execution (Suteera, 2007). The outcomes show a negative connection between value-based administration and execution, and no connection between transformational initiative and execution. Both administration styles positively affect pioneer result, and that result influences the exhibition of the devotees or the workers. Amran G. Tiena and Kusbramayanti, Putri. 2007. Administration and Organizational Culture Relationship Analysis on Job Performance and Satisfaction utilizing SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) at Pt. Carita Boat Indonesia. This examination expects to look at the immediate impact of authority and hierarchical culture on work execution and its roundabout effect on work fulfillment. Additionally, it considers the effect of employment execution on work fulfillment. Thusly, every one of these components of the investigation structure the fundamental factors. A study was taken and information was gathered through polls. An example of 100 laborers was taken. Basic Equation Modeling was utilized for the examination of the information. The examination has four theories. The nature of representative activity execution is decidedly affected by pioneer part relations (Tiena and Putri, 2007). The nature of representatives work execution is decidedly impacted by hierarchical culture (Tiena and Putr i, 2007). The nature of working fulfillment is emphatically impacted by execution (Tiena and Putri, 2007). The outcomes show that initiative affects the nature of execution and that thus positively affects work fulfillment. Initiative likewise affects work fulfillment and it persuades a worker. The pioneer part relationship impacts both administration style and worker work execution. Goh Yuan Sheng Victor, Geoffrey N. Soutar. 2005. The Role of Ethical Behaviors in the Relations between Leadership Styles and Job Performance. This investigation relates the three components of administration styles, moral practices and occupation execution. The two administration styles, transformational and value-based, are talked about and their relationship with execution is considered. Moral practices that incorporate deontology and teleological morals are likewise analyzed. This article surveys how the pioneers utilize these moral qualities and structure decisions. In this manner these moral qualities assume an intervening job in framing the connection between administration (free factor) and representative execution (

2017 Best Brightest Eric Katz, University of Michigan (Ross)

2017 Best Brightest: Eric Katz, University of Michigan (Ross) by: Jeff Schmitt on April 09, 2017 | 0 Comments Comments 1,192 Views April 9, 2017Eric KatzUniversity of Michigan, Ross School of BusinessHometown: Grand Rapids, MIHigh School: Forest Hills NorthernMajor: BusinessMinor: Computer ScienceFavorite Business Courses: TO 301Extracurricular Activities, Community Work and Leadership Roles During College:Bluelab – Team LeadField HockeyCenter for Social Impact – Multiple ProgramsSelected as Dories Duke Conservation Scholar, Graham Sustainability Scholar, Center for Positive Organization Fellow, Diener Scholar, Weiser Familiar Social Entrepreneur Scholar, Dow Sustainability Fellow, Forbes Under 30 ScholarWhere have you interned during your college career? Kulisha; Nairobi, Kenya; Co-founderQuinault Indian Nation; Taholah, WA; Natural Resources Specialist InternAre You a Human; Detroit, MI; Business HumanTOBB ETU; Ankara, Turkey; English ProfessorDescribe your drea m Job: Growing bugs on useless material to create protein and fertilizer.Who is your favorite professor? Kairos Marquardt. She really taught me how to challenge myself and go out of my comfort zone to explore topics that I normally wouldn’t.Which executive or entrepreneur do you most admire? Travis Kalanick because I think he takes on challenges that ordinary entrepreneurs wouldn’t.What did you enjoy most about majoring in a business-related field? Being able to study other topics and see how they intertwine with business.What is the biggest lesson you gained from studying business? The importance of developing relationships with professors and engaging with them.Where would you like to work after graduation?  Kulisha, Co-founderWhat are your long-term professional goals? Be happy and make an impact in whatever I choose to do.What advice would you give to a student looking to major in a business-related field?  Make sure that you constantly think about how business relates to other disciplines.â€Å"I knew I wanted to major in business when†¦I was accepted to the business school.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"If I didn’t major in business, I would be†¦Ã¢â‚¬ a computer scientist or mechanical engineer.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Before I entered business school, I wish I had known†¦what all the tests would be.†What was the happiest moment of your life? When I got into business school.Which academic, extracurricular or personal achievement are you most proud of? My work with Kulisha.What animal would you choose to represent your professional brand? A black soldier fly larvae because it is incredibly efficient at converting food to mass.Who would you most want to thank for your success? My family and co-founder because they are the ones who challenged me most and were open minded to ideas and passions that I had.What would you like your business school peers to say about you after you graduate from this program? Wow, what a nice guy.Favorite book : ShantaramFavorite movie: Pulp fictionFavorite musical performer: PrinceFavorite vacation spot: Grand Rapids, MIWhat are your hobbies? Playing field hockey, playing with bugsWhat made Eric such an invaluable addition to the Class of 2017? â€Å"Eric is a driven leader with a social mind, making him irreplaceable in the Class of 2017. He has proven his commitment to social issues throughout his involvement with the Zell Lurie Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies. As the co-founder of  Kulisha, a sustainable startup piloted in Kenya, Eric aims to provide commercial-grade feed to small-scale farmers. His initial concept was to increase profitability for farmers, help tackle food insecurity, divert food waste from landfills, and reduce greenhouse gases. This work has won Eric numerous awards including: Michigan Business Challenge – Social Impact Track winner, 2016 Thought for Food Global Summit award, and the Center for Social Impact’s Summer Social Entrepreneurship F ellowship (to name a few). Eric’s professionalism, enthusiastic attitude, and eagerness for more will be missed upon graduation from Michigan Ross.†Sarika Gupta Managing Director, Samuel Zell and Robert H. Lurie Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies University of Michigan, Ross School of BusinessDONT MISS: THE FULL HONOR ROLL: THE BEST BRIGHTEST UNDERGRADUATE BUSINESS MAJORS OF 2017 Page 1 of 11

Worst Band Names of the 80s

Mid Life Of Helen Keller Essay - 2452 Words

HELEN KELLER’S MIDDLE LIFE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The summer of 1887 was more fun for Helen than all of her previous years. Every object she touched and named seemed to bring her closer to the rest of the world, which pleased her and made her more confident. One thing Annie worked on with Helen was to find the beauty in everything. She taught her the different kinds of flowers, and trees, by their smell and the way they felt. Annie and Helen had most of their lessons in the outdoors that summer. The two liked to climb trees, and read books because they thought it was relaxing and something different. Helen later said, â€Å"The birds and flowers and I were happy peers.†1 That goes to show just how much†¦show more content†¦Already Helen had a large vocabulary and was very well behaved. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 1888, Annie decided to take Helen to the Perkins Institute, to show Michael Anagnos how much Helen had learned. On their way down to the Institute, Annie read Hans Christian Andersen’s Tales and other poems to Helen. Helen loved the poems. She especially liked Oliver Wendell Holmes and John Greenleaf Whittier. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When the two girls arrived at the Institute, Helen immediately fit in. All the children there were either blind or deaf, so Helen understood the way their life was. Most of the children there spoke using the manual alphabet which had been invented by Trappist monks many years before. The monks came up with the manual alphabet because they had taken a vow of silence so they had to have some way of communicating. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Laura Bridgman, who was now about sixty years old, still lived in the Institute. Annie had known Laura from her previous years at the Institute, so wanted to introduce her to Helen. Helen became excited knowing that she was soon to meet Laura, but that excitement left her shortly after she did. Laura immediately recognized Annie’s fingers on her lips, and was thrilled to have Annie back. But since Laura’s development had stopped after childhood, she had never been able to really understand the world. She was normally an unhappy lady, and it made her even moreShow MoreRelatedHelen Keller And The Naacp1701 Words   |  7 PagesRebecca Reed Honors American Studies I Mr. Cahalan 27 April 2015 Helen Keller and the NAACP A large issue in our country for the first two centuries, some would argue longer, of our time as our own, independent, country has been the issue of equality among races. This was an issue that was on the mind of many of the people who were very instrumental in our country including men like Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr., among others. The issue of equality among races caused lots of controversyRead MoreEssay about Learning from Helen Keller3880 Words   |  16 PagesLearning from Helen Keller Facilitated Communication Institute Helen Keller is probably the most universally recognized disabled person of the twentieth century. (Others such as Franklin Roosevelt were equally well-known, but Keller is remembered primarily for her accomplishments which are disability-related.) Those of us who have grown up in the last half of this century have only known Keller as a figure of veneration. We know her primarily through popularized versions of her life such as theRead MoreThe Critically Acclaimed Muscle Shoals Documentary and Music Lovers990 Words   |  4 PagesJones Golf Trail your headquarters for a music-themed excursion. Start your visit at the Alabama Music Hall of Fame (617 U.S. Hwy. 72W; 256-381-4417) in Tuscumbia to see exhibits of gold records, costumes from the Commodores and Hank Williams, life-sized statues of Fort Payne’s favorite band â€Å"Alabama,† Tuskegee’s Lionel Richie and Montgomery’s Nat â€Å"King† Cole. The museum is open Tuesday to Saturday from 9-5. Drive a few minutes north to Sheffield to visit the iconic Muscle Shoals Sound StudiosRead More Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre - The Relationship between Jane and Rochester1253 Words   |  6 Pagesfor enlightenment (R. D, Laing, The Voice of Experience).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In many ways, Jane appears to be further advanced than Rochester in this inner work of regression/progression. In part, this may be due to the early spiritual guidance of the saintly Helen Burns. We see evidence of Janes increased maturity and compassion in the objective, forgiving way she re-encounters, and masters, those demons of her childhood, the Reeds. Jane has apparently come far in healing the wounds of her old bitterness andRead MoreIs Child Vaccination A Good Idea?1393 Words   |  6 Pagesto restrictions such as age, immune compromising illnesses or treatments, and pregnant women. These groups of individuals rely on other people in the population to become immune to preventable diseases so they do not contract diseases with potential life-threatening effects. By not vaccinating our children, we could potentially be harming children that haven’t even had a chance to take their first breath due complications that could have been avoided. One of the main reasons why child vaccinationsRead MoreAttachment Is Defined As The Bond Between An Infant And A Primary Caregiver And The Reaction Essay1925 Words   |  8 Pagesmay contribute to positive relationship as adults whereas those that lack these qualities may have negative outcomes and even â€Å"alter[ed] psychosocial functioning† (Meyer, 2013). Although Bowlby felt that attachment was lifelong, it was not until the mid-1980’s that researchers, Hazan and Shaver explored Bowlby’s ideas in connection to romantic relationships and the notion that these later relationships operate in similar fashion (Fraley, 2010). By building upon Bowlby’s theory, Mary Ainsworth introducedRead MorePersuasive Essay About College2099 Words   |  9 Pagesparents from initiating me–†, she understood that the path her parents opened up for her was essential for her knowledgeable growth. Upon stating that, it’s easy to comprehend that guidance and choice-making set the path for not only college but for life. Continuing on expectations, a major one would be the ability to read and write, but with that you must grasp that there is more to just knowing. It is exceptional and mandatory to take an English 1A course but any English class in general will getRead MoreWomens Suffrage: Creation of the 19th Amendment Essay3991 Words   |  16 Pagescare of the home, and â€Å"serving† our husbands, that we shouldn’t have to deal with the pressure of voting. Choosing a topic on the 19th amendment being created was natural for me. Discussing how thousands of women marched, petitioned, and risk their life just for my right to vote is mind-blowing to me. These women made history because they were so devoted to their cause and demanded that women be treated as equal as men. But if it wasn’t for people like them, Americans wouldn’t have any rights thatRead MoreMcdonalds Case Study Project Managment9278 Words   |  38 PagesThe first strategy is operating restaurants that exceed customer expectations on each visit. This is vital in todays competitive fast food business, due to the vast amount of choices consumers have, and one bad experience can lose a customer for life. This concept is easily done on paper, but with shrinking margins and lack of ability to attract highly skilled employees this strategy is difficult to implement. Although, Wendys seems to have instilled these beliefs into management and has seenRead MoreTex as Textbook Controversy5455 Words   |  22 Pagesthat promoted homosexuality. (http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com) What religion has to do with Texas textbooks? Another organization Leininger has supported, the Heidi Group, sent out a prayer calendar in 1998, which unnervingly urged the right-to-life faithful to devote one day to praying that a San Antonio doctor who performed abortions â€Å"will come to see Jesus face to face.† The chorus of objections to textbook material mounted. Approval of environmental science books was once held up over board

Event Management Engagement in Organizing the Monsoon Cup

Question: Describe about the Report for Event Management for Engagement in Organizing the Monsoon Cup. Answer: Budget for the project The estimated budget for the Fund Raising Event is mentioned asunder Event Budget for Fundraising Program (Amount in ) Site Expenses Estimated Actual Staffs 300 160 Accommodation Fees 460 250 Equipments 370 150 Total 1,130 560 Publicity Expenses Estimated Actual Advertisements 640 750 Graphical work 500 820 Total 1,140 1,570 Decorations Expenses Estimated Actual Candles 250 160 Lighting 300 260 Paper decoration 320 280 Flowers 200 230 Total 1,070 930 Refreshment Expenses Estimated Actual Food 550 610 Beverages 460 400 Catering Staffs 750 820 Total 1,760 1,830 Event Expenses Estimated Actual Performers 250 550 Travel 300 550 Hotel Charges 450 350 Musical Equipments 650 500 Speakers 300 255 Others 300 500 Total 2,250 2,705 Rewards and Prizes Expenses Estimated Actual Trophies 460 500 Medals 200 340 Gifts 390 460 Total 1,050 1,300 Miscellaneous Expenses Estimated Actual Stationery 500 600 Transportation Cost 380 460 Telephone and Fax 400 250 Total 1,280 1,310 Estimated Actual Total Expenses 9,680 10,205 The organizers have selected seven heads of budgetary elements which are imperative while discussing budgetary estimates for the event. At the outset, it is important to learn that the aim of this event is to celebrate and promote diversity. This cultural day Event will help promote local businesses, as well as bring together the community located in Newham community neighborhood. Total expenses as estimated amounts to 9,680 while the actual expenditure is 10,205 Income Budget for the Fundraising ceremony is laid below Estimated Actual Estimated Actual 320 250 Adults 5 1,600 1,250 190 196 Children 2 380 392 40 50 Others 3 120 150 Total Income 2,100 1,792 On the other hand, the income budget states that income proceeds would be available from admissions mainly. The total income estimated is 2,100 as opposed to 1792. It is worthwhile mentioning that the variance between estimates of both income and expenditure is minimized which means that the organizers have utilized the funds diligently and effectively. A summary of the target market for the event The event has been planned to take place in a community in East London. Therefore, the targeted invitees for the event might be the local people residing in East London. 36% of the population of London resides in East London, making it one of the populated immigrant regions of London (Duarte-Alonso 2016). There are people belonging to different religions and communities. The event is open to all residents and any person willing to participate in the charitable event will be welcomed. The main targeted people are the families with children. The proposed age group of the members is between 25 and 50 years and the children of age between 8 and 14 years. Demography of the region shows the presence of various ethnic groups. Therefore, people from different backgrounds such as White British, Irish British, Asians including Pakistani and Bangladeshis will be the invitees (gov.uk, 2016). Event management tools and techniques Certain strategic tools are needed for successful planning of an event. These tools can be mentioned here: Visioning the situation: Understanding the aim and objective of the event is the primary requisite of organizing an event. The aim theme behind the event is to raise fund for community development. Therefore, all kind of arrangements has to be made depending on this criterion (Cserhti and Szab 2014). There will be arrangement of game shows for the children and other programs where the children will participate. Along with that there will be also arrangements of food and beverages for the invitees. At the end of the event, the invitees will be asked to contribute or donate for the cause. Making a mind map: The complete event has to be planned step by step so that the process can be carried on smoothly. Scheduling each and every step of the event is very important. Communicating with the various stakeholders and the invitees plays a vital role in this factor (LesiĆ¡, RuÃ…Â ¾iĆ¡ and PavloviĆ¡ 2015). The plan has to be disseminated among the members and each and every person must be made aware of their respective roles and duties. In order to schedule the whole event and keep a trace of each step of the event, use of technology is preferred. Certain computer software and programs can be used to make the task easy. Building a team and thorough communication: The success of an event depends upon the coordination among the members of the events. Building a team and letting them know about their individual tasks and duties is very important. It also falls under the responsibility of each and every member to help each other whenever necessity arises (Abdullah et al. 2014). The event is expected to be held on a holiday that would facilitate the invitees to participate without any problem. In the busy life, attaining an event on a regular working day may not provide the opportunity where many participants would come and join the event. Apart from the invitees, scheduling the event with the stakeholders is equally important. The caterers, decorators and others responsible for the success of the event should be co9mmunicated and scheduling has to be done in accordance to the event. Team management and structure The event management hierarchy reveals the management group involved in the event. The management of the team can be structured in the following manner: Event coordinator: The event coordinator is at the top of the management level and the person is responsible for the most crucial work that is coordination. Major responsibility lies on the co-coordinator (Getz and Page 2016). For the charitable event, it is important to coordinate with the invitees and the participants. They should be acknowledged about the theme and the intention behind the event. Event planner: Planning an event requires numerous things to be handled at the same time. The person responsible for the event planner has to be the best skilled person. The person must possess the vision and the detailed facts of the event. The plan regarding the participation of children and their parents to help in raising fund should be planned by the event planner. Client service event manager: The main responsibility of an event manager is to coordinate with the clients and the staff members of the event. It falls under the responsibility of the event manager to keep an eye on the complete event and manages every little detail of the event (Silvers and Goldblatt 2012). Taking care of the comfort of the invitees and the need of the stakeholder is the prime responsibility of client service event manager. Event manager: Scheduling the event and taking care of the decoration, catering and other inputs in the event are the responsibility of the event manager. It is expected that the person responsible for this task is responsible enough to handle everything. Other staffs: Apart from the important coordinators and the managers, the need of numerous staffs cannot be neglected. About 20 members or staffs will be required to conduct the event who will act as helping hand while conducting the complete event. The above mentioned roles are equally important for each and every member. Organizing an event requires support and coordination of numerous members. For a successful event, it is important to maintain coordination these members. Event communication and stakeholder management Communication plan of an event include both internal and external communication. Internal communication depends upon the members of the team whereas external communication depends on the stakeholders of the event. The stakeholders for this particular event are the members who would be invited to the event for the purpose of contributing towards community development. The invitees include children, their parents and other members who would join the event willingly. Other stakeholders are the owner of the community hall, the caterer, members who would be responsible for taking care of the invited children and others. The communication plan can be prepared in three stages: Pre-event communication: All the necessary arrangements are done in this stage of communication. It is expected that the event organizer will communicate with all the stakeholders and narrate them the requirements (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). Since it is a community program, there must be a community group who would be involved in the event. The detail of the event has to be discussed with them. Apart from them, it is required to communicate with the other stakeholders such as the decorators, costume designer, caterer, people responsible for the technical things such as light and sound and others. Several means by which internal and external communication can be made can be stated here: By meeting: Face to face meetings are the most effective and clear way of communication. At the time of deciding the plan for the event, meeting with the stake holders and the members and staffs of the event management is very vital. Over phone-calls: People can be frequently communicated by phone calls whenever requirement arises. The invitees can be invited by directly approaching them via phone calls. Apart from that the stakeholders and the members can also be communicated via phone calls. Emails or other text messages: An official mail can be sent to the invitees from an official website of the community forum. Apart from that general announcement can also be made by the means of posters or announcement in the locality (Jones 2014). Communication during the event: Communication during the event is equally important as the communication needed before the commencement of the event. It is the responsibility of the managers of the event to take care of the invitees and the participants of the event. Keeping a check of the requirements and the needs of these members is the most important part of communication during the event. Apart from that, there should remain a continuous communication with the stakeholders. Keeping a thorough communication during the event will help to carry on the event smoothly. Moreover, in case if any kinds of troubles or issues are found to arise it can be solved easily. Communication after the event: It is not that when an event ends, the responsibilities of the event organizer ends. Post event communication holds equal importance. The two most important things that are done in the post event communication period are taking feedback from the attendees of the event and tallyi9ng accounts with the involved stakeholders (Braglia and Frosolini 2014). Therefore, it is recommended that the manager of the event would communicate with the invitees and other participants and try to get feedback from them. For the same purpose, a form can be made where the members would be asked to answer a few queries. This would help to improve the plan of the event for future purposes. The stakeholders who have been a part of the event also need to be communicated. All kinds of financial issues and settlements are to be made after the event. Risk management plan There might be certain situations that would result in certain risks in the event. In case of charitable events, there are a number of areas where the chances of risks increases. Some of these expected needs can be stated here: Risk category Examples of risks Governance risks The structure of the management team might be inappropriate The members might lack the relevant skills and commitment There might arise conflicts of interest Operational risks The operational function might lack safety or other beneficiary welfare Staffing and other recruited employees might show poor functionality (Michalco and Navrat 2012) There is also a risk regarding the security of the assets Financial risks The management might have inaccurate or insufficient financial information regarding the expenses of the event External risks The event might not imprint a positive impression on the members of the community There also lies a chance of turbulent political and economic environment Compliance with laws and regulations Any kind of birch in the trust and acts of the government will result in governmental risks (Bowdin 2012) The staffs might have poor knowledge of the regulatory requirements of the activities like fund raising In order to combat against such risks, certain recommendations can be made. These recommendations are: It is important to know the governmental laws and regulations regarding fund raising events. There are certain guidelines set by the government that states the methods of raising funds. These ways are: Door-to-door fundraising or public collection on the street By the means of gaming and lotteries By organizing events or street fair (Brown 2014) Therefore, it can be said that organizing an event for fund raising might not be counted as a risk factor. In order to avoid any kind of operational risks, it is important to train the members and the staffs. The detail of the event needs to be discussed with the members and each and every person must be assigned with their respective responsibilities. At the time of recruiting staffs for the event it is important to take account of the capability and ability of the members to work for the purpose (Coombs 2014). It also falls under the responsibility of the managers of the e3vent to keep a detailed account of the assets and other things that would be used in the event and prevent any kind of damage or unavailability. The financial requirement also needs to be solved. Therefore, the management must be conscious about the budget and the financial requirements. Necessary sponsorship needs to be availed prior to the event (Getz and Page 2016). To overcome any kind of external risks related to community or neighborhood, it is important to inform the community about the event. If required, pamphlets can be distributed in the neighborhood or the invitees of the event. In the pamphlet the detail of the motive and intention of the event has to be mentioned. If required, the same can be approved by the local authority of the region so that the acceptability of the event can be increased (Andersson and Lundberg 2013). It is very important to conduct the event abiding the rules and regulation of the community and the government. Conclusion There is a great opportunity of the success of the event. People of England believe in charity and it has been found that people heartily participate in such social processes. Therefore, there is no such risk of conducting the event. The aim of the eve3nt can be easily fulfilled if the invitees are encouraged and they are convinced to participate in the charitable cause. The risks of the event can be easily avoided if proper measures are taken. All it requires is a proper plan of the event. The mode of communication and the tools required for the success of the event has to be used properly to achieve the objective behind the event. When all the criteria are met successfully using proper management tools, success of the event can be easily expected. Reference list: Abdullah, N.H., Hassan, H., Ali, M.H. and Karim, M.S.A., 2014. Cultural values (power distance) impact on the stakeholders engagement in organizing the Monsoon Cup International Sailing Event.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,144, pp.118-126. Andersson, T.D. and Lundberg, E., 2013. Commensurability and sustainability: Triple impact assessments of a event.Event Management,37, pp.99-109. Bowdin, G., Allen, J., Harris, R., McDonnell, I. and O'Toole, W., 2012.Events Management. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Braglia, M. and Frosolini, M., 2014. An integrated approach to implement project management information systems within the extended enterprise.International Journal of Project Management,32(1), pp.18-29. Brown, S., 2014. Emerging Professionalism in the Event Industry: A Practitioner's Perspective.Event Management,18(1), pp.15-24. Coombs, W.T., 2014.Ongoing communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications. Cserhti, G. and Szab, L., 2014. The relationship between success criteria and success factors in organisational event projects.International Journal of Project Management,32(4), pp.613-624. Duarte Alonso, A., 2016, June. Stakeholders, collaboration, food, and wine: The case of Jumilla's Gastronomic Days. InJournal of Convention Event Tourism(pp. 1-19). Routledge. Getz, D. and Page, S.J., 2016.Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Routledge. Getz, D. and Page, S.J., 2016.Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Routledge. gov.uk, 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/509704/cc26_lowink.pdf [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016]. Hierarchystructure.com. 2016.Event Management Hierarchy. [online] Available at: https://www.hierarchystructure.com/event-management-hierarchy/ [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016]. Jones, M., 2014.Sustainable event management: A practical guide. Routledge. LesiĆ¡, K.T., RuÃ…Â ¾iĆ¡, M.D. and PavloviĆ¡, D.K., 2015. Identification and analysis of cultural event stakeholders in a tourism destination: case study of teta-teran and truffle festival. InCultural tourism and destination impacts. SveuÄ ilite Jurja Dobrile. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Melo, C.D.O., Cruzes, D.S., Kon, F. and Conradi, R., 2013. Interpretative case studies on agile team productivity and management.Information and Software Technology,55(2), pp.412-427. Michalco, J. and Navrat, P., 2012. Arrangement of Face-to-Face Meetings using Social Media.Studies in Informatics and Control,21(4), pp.383-392. Silvers, J.R. and Goldblatt, J., 2012.Professional event coordination(Vol. 62). John Wiley Sons. Yu, L., Wang, C. and Seo, J., 2012. Mega event and destination brand: 2010 Shanghai Expo.International Journal of Event and Festival Management,3(1), pp.46-65.

WOMENS PORTRAYAL IN UP IN MICHIGAN AND THE PAI Essays -

WOMEN'S PORTRAYAL IN "UP IN MICHIGAN" AND "THE PAINTED DOOR" Most people will think of women as nurturing, devoted and sensitive. These thoughts are frequently transferred into literature where the portrayal of women is often positive. In contrary, "Up in Michigan" by Ernest Hemingway and "The Painted Door" by Sinclair Ross are exceptions to these sentiments. In "Up in Michigan", Liz is a lovesick housemaid who is obsessed with an older man who barely knows she is alive. Ann is an isolated housewife in "The Painted Door" who has an affair with a family friend. In both narratives, the women are infatuated. So much so that they allow their emotions to impair their judgment and make decisions that have devastating results. In "Up in Michigan" and "The Painted Door", women are portrayed negatively because the characters are superficial, submissive, foolish and mindless. First, in both stories Liz and Ann are superficial. We see this in Liz in "Up in Michigan" when she becomes smitten with a man based on nothing more than the image he represents. Jim is an older, well-liked and socially respected man in their community, his power and influence is what seduces Liz. Likewise, in "The Painted Door", Ann becomes charmed by Steven's youth and vitality. His appearance and physical strength are the major factors that make Ann attracted to him. By their actions, it is easy to deduce that both characters are shallow for falling head over heels with men based on their exterior. Secondly, "Up in Michigan" and "The Painted Door" present women as submissive. For instance, Liz allows Jim to touch her inappropriately when he has not even so much as said a word to her. "The 'all-woman' is acceptable in Hemingway view because he submits...She wants no other life than with him. By succumbing...she allows him to dominate her and affirm his manhood". (The Writing Style of Hemingway) Similarly, Ann succumbs to Steven's coaxing and sleeps with him after he repeatedly flirts and reassures her that her husband will not be home. It is obvious that these women are shown as no more than puppets on a string, easily persuaded by their male counterparts. Third, both stories depict females as being extremely foolish because of their desire for emotional unavailable men. Ernest Hemingway's "women too often seem to be projections of male needfulness". (Reading Hemingway Without Guilt). A prime example is Liz because she falls in love with a man who has never shown any mutual feelings. Jim has not said or done anything that could be misconstrued as reciprocal feelings, yet Liz still has a crush on him. Ann too is irrational for thinking that the night of lust shared between her and Steven was anything but that. They have known each other for years and not once has he confessed any true feelings towards her. Both characters are victims of their own delusions. Lastly, in "Up in Michigan" and "The Painted Door", women illustrated as mindless beings. For instance Liz agrees to go with Jim for a walk after she is aware that he had been drinking and after he had molested her. The rape that shortly follows, some would argue could be attributed to Liz's poor judgment. As well, Anne naively believed that her husband would not find out about the affair. The her surprise, her husband returned home that night to see her lying in bed with Steven, he returns to the snowy blizzard from which he came and kills himself. Both women are stupid for mistaking physical affection for love and both suffer a great loss because of this. The women in "Up in Michigan" and "The Painted Door" are portrayed as shallow, obedient, idiotic and thoughless. Women are negatively portrayed in both stories and it could be attributed from the author's personal upbringing and experiences. "Dominant, overbearing, and emasculating, Grace Hemingway [Hemingway's mother] dressed and treated the boy Ernest like a girl, while praising his little manliness, with the effect that the boy suffered a sexual wound, developed an androgynous sensibility, and experienced lifelong male insecurity and sexual anxiety." (Hemingway Unbound) In this instance, Hemingway may have been conveying his own personal view of women in this his writing. Nonetheless, whether personal or not, the female characters in both narratives are dimwitted and self- deluded. The argument stands that these representations grossly disfavor women as a whole.

3 Modifiers Left Dangling Without a Supporting Subject

3 Modifiers Left Dangling Without a Supporting Subject 3 Modifiers Left Dangling Without a Supporting Subject 3 Modifiers Left Dangling Without a Supporting Subject By Mark Nichol An introductory phrase intended to modify the subject of a sentence is said to be left hanging when the main clause it precedes begins with a reference to a noun that is not the subject of the sentence- hence the label â€Å"dangling modifier.† In each of the sentences below, the subject is faulty; the paragraph following each discusses the problem, and a revision remedies it. 1. By automating the process, the accuracy of the transactional data is easier to verify. This sentence implies that accuracy is automating the process, but the actual actor is hidden by the dangling modifier. In order for that introductory phrase to work, the subject must refer to who or what is doing the automating, and the rest of the sentence must be revised accordingly: â€Å"By automating the process, a company can more easily verify the accuracy of the transactional data.† 2. With an attention span as short as eight seconds and an inclination to multitask between three to five screens, communicating with young employees continues to be a struggle. Here, the act of communicating with young employees has been assigned a short attention span and a propensity for multitasking. The sentence must be revised to clearly indicate that it is the young employees themselves who have those characteristics: â€Å"Communicating with young employees, who have an attention span as short as eight seconds and an inclination to multitask between three to five screens, continues to be a struggle.† 3. Unlike our many advancements you have applauded, we have heard loud and clear that this is a concept our customer base does not want. This statement compares â€Å"we† with the â€Å"we† entity’s many applauded advancements, but the counterpoint of the reference to these advancements must be a mention, if only as a pronoun, of the unfortunate advancement the customer base has not supported: â€Å"Unlike our many advancements you have applauded, this is a concept our customer base has stated loud and clear that it does not want.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business LetterFlier vs. Flyer5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences

Martin Luther King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Martin Luther King - Essay Example After developing this persuasive statement, King then proceeds into his rational argument concerning the significant steps of any peaceful campaign.   King’s examination of the reasons and essential disputes that are propelling the turbulence amid blacks and whites in Birmingham uses logos. â€Å"Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United State.† He uses such boundaries to reinforce his point of view. By utilizing logical argument that is well thought-out and chronological, King pleas to a cultured audience imagination and logic. Another occasion when Martin Luther King Jr. uses the technique of honestly dealing with his audience to present his refutation is manifest in the part of his letter's beginning. "You may well ask: Why direct action?"/isn't negotiation a better path?". For this case, Martin Luther King uses to appeal to logic as the key spine of his argument but infrequently intertwines pathos and intelligent word choice along th e logos. King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† is a grand piece of writing. Emotional strength of the letter is one of the aspects behind the success of this writing. In spite of the utilization of pigeonhole sentences, his message is clear and sensational. However, I feel that this letter was slightly verbose and florid as the same time. Also, I felt that the use of stereotyped letters somehow blithely weighed down a little on the overall message in the letter. In all, King has been capable of making it one of the most broadly read article.

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 13

Report - Essay Example Outlets vary in size and complexity with some providing hot meals while others only provide cold provisions. An atmosphere conducive to purchasing is required, allowing time to browse and a quick checkout service. A full range of appropriate foodstuffs needs to be available to cater for all tastes and cultural requirements. There are usually peaks and troughs in customers, with most requiring service at lunchtimes and morning/afternoon breaks. At these times, there needs to be a smooth service for customers allowing fast purchase of the desired items without having to queue for extended periods. There are many ways to show a service and its supporting elements. This report uses the service blueprint (Shostak, 1984). Although the service appears simple, there are several things going on at once, which are more easily seen in a service blueprint. The following blueprint is based on the distinctions described by Bitner et al (2008). This part of customer service operations falls within the tangibles area of the dimensions of service quality and both the physical evidence and backstage activities of the service blueprint. For Sodexo, it includes the layout of the outlet, the placement of things like the drinks machines, chillers and cold cabinets, and the overall look of the outlet. Customers expect a food outlet to be clean and comply with relevant health and safety legislation to ensure that they do not suffer from such things as food poisoning (Tester et al, 2010). In addition, any food spills should be cleaned up immediately to ensure no-one slips over. General hygiene is also a tangible aspect of service quality, even though it is not a physical item. The Sodexo staff do try to keep the catering area clean, but there are occasions when food spills are not cleared up as quickly as they could be, and this could affect consumer confidence when purchasing items for consumption. The delay in cleaning up spillage can be caused by too few staff being

American Indians Essay Example for Free

American Indians Essay The people now known as Indians or Native Americans were the first people to live in the Americas. They had been living there for thousands of years before any Europeans arrived. The Vikings explored the east coast of North America around A. D. 1000 and had some contact with Indians (Watson Howell 1980). But lasting contact between Indians and Europeans began with Christopher Columbuss voyages to the Americas. In 1492, Columbus sailed across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain. He was seeking a short sea route to the Indies, which then included India, China, the East Indies, and Japan. Europeans did not then know that North and South America existed. When Columbus landed in what is now known as the West Indies, he did not realize he had come to a New World. He thought he had reached the Indies, and so he called the people he met Indians. Almost every Indian group had its own name. Many of these names reflected the pride of each group in itself and its way of life. For example, the Delaware Indians of eastern North America called themselves Lenape, which means genuine people. Today, many Indians refer to themselves as Native Americans. The first Indians came to the New World from Siberia, in Asia. Most scientists think they arrived at least 15,000 years ago. At that time huge ice sheets covered much of the northern half of the earth. The Bering Strait, which today is a narrow area of water that separates Asia and North America, was easily walked across by the Indians who were following the animals that they were hunting. Much later this ice sheet melted and the land bridge became covered with water. By then, Indian groups had already spread throughout the New World, all over North and South America. These Indian groups developed different cultures because of the different climates and landforms in the regions in which they settled. Body Anthropologists, scientists who study human culture, classify the hundreds of North and South American Indian tribes into groups of tribes that are alike. These groups are called culture areas. Some of the cultures of North America are the Arctic; the Northeast, or Eastern Woodlands; the Plains; and Southwest. The Indians spoke hundreds of different languages and had many different ways of life. Some groups lived in great cities and others in small villages. The Aztec and the Maya of Central America built large cities. Some of the Aztec cities had as many as 100,000 people. The Maya built special buildings in which they studied the moon, the stars, and the sun. They also developed a calendar and a system of writing. Many of the Indians of Eastern North America lived in villages. They hunted and farmed, growing such crops as beans, corns and squash (Bains, 1985). Most of the Indians were friendly at first and taught the newcomers many things. The European explorers followed Indian trails to sources of water and deposits of copper, gold, silver, turquoise, and other minerals. The Indians taught them to make snowshoes and sleds and to travel by canoe. Food was another of the Indians important gifts. The Indians grew many foods that the newcomers had never heard of, such as avocados, corn, peanuts, peppers, pineapples, potatoes, squash, and tomatoes. They also introduced the whites to tobacco. The Indians, in turn, learned much from the whites. The Europeans brought many goods that were new to the Indians. These goods included metal tools, guns, and liquor. The Europeans also brought cattle and horses, which were unknown to the Indians. The Europeans and the Indians had widely different ways of life. Some Europeans tried to understand the Indians ways and treated them fairly. But others cheated the Indians and took their land. When the Indians fought back, thousands of them were killed in battle. At first, they had only bows and arrows and spears, but the Europeans had guns. Even more Indians died from measles, smallpox, and other new diseases introduced by the whites. As the Europeans moved westward across North America, they became a greater threat to the Indian way of life. Finally, most of the remaining Indians were moved onto reservations. Most daily activities of an Indian family centered on providing the main necessities of life such as food, clothing, and shelter. Men and women usually had separate tasks. For example, both men and women were often involved in providing food. But they did so in different ways. In some areas, the women gathered wild plants for food, and the men hunted. In the Northeast and Southeast culture areas, the men hunted, and the women farmed the land. In parts of what are now Arizona and New Mexico and in Middle and South America, the men did the farming. The women gathered plants. In all areas, women were generally responsible for preparing the food. Many Indians married at an early age, the girls between 13 and 15 and the boys between 15 and 20. In some Indian tribes, the parents or other relatives chose the marriage partners for the young people. In other tribes, especially those of North America, a young man could select his own mate. He had to convince the girl and her parents that he would make a suitable husband. In many cases, he offered them valuable gifts to win their approval. Throughout most of the New World, marriage was a family affair and not a religious ceremony. The boys family usually gave presents to the brides family. Many newly married couples lived with the girls family and the husband worked for her family until the birth of a child. Then the couple might establish their own home. But they generally did not move to a new home in a new area. Many other newly married couples joined an existing family group or lived close to one. Some of the couples moved in with other relatives of the woman or with the relatives of the man. This extended family shared with the daily work of the household, including the raising of children. Many Indian groups allowed men to have more than one wife. But this practice was common only among rich or powerful men. After a man died, his wife would often live with his brother as husband and wife even if the brother was already married. Similarly, if a woman died, her family would probably be expected to give her husband another unmarried daughter to replace her. Most Indian families were small because many children died at birth or as babies. Indian children were praised when they behaved well and shamed when they misbehaved. Only the Aztec and Inca tribes had regular schools. Boys and girls of other tribes learned to perform mens and womens jobs by helping their parents and older brothers and sisters. After most boys reached their early teens, they went through a test of strength or bravery called an initiation ceremony. Many went without food for a long period or lived alone in the wilderness. In some tribes, a boy was expected to have a vision of the spirit that would become his lifelong guardian. Some groups also had initiation ceremonies for girls. A teenager who successfully completed an initiation ceremony was considered an adult and ready to be married. Food that Indians ate depended on where they lived. Indian tribes that lived on the plains of the United States, where buffalo and other game were plentiful, ate mainly meat. Meat was also the principal food of those Indians who inhabited the woodlands and tundra (frigid treeless plain) of Alaska and Canada. The Pueblo of the Southwest and other farming groups lived chiefly on beans, corn, and squash. Potatoes were an important crop among the Inca. MacNeish (1992) stated that Indians in the tropical areas of South America made bread from the roots of bitter cassava, a small shrub. Tribes that lived near water caught fish and gathered shellfish. Most Indian groups ate berries, nuts, roots, seeds, and wild plants. They also gathered salt and collected maple sap wherever they could. Indians made a kind of tea from such plants as sassafras and wintergreen. Many Indians drank a mild beer that was known as chicha. They made this beer from corn, cassava, peanuts, or potatoes. Indians who ate mostly meat cooked it by roasting, broiling, or boiling. Farming Indians and others who ate chiefly vegetables developed various methods of boiling or baking. They often made pit ovens by lining holes in the ground with hot stones. Indians preserved meat by smoking it or by drying it in the sun. North American Indians mixed dried meat with grease and berries to make a food called pemmican. Most Indians ate with their fingers, but some used spoons made from animal bones, shells, or wood. Indians built many kinds of homes because they lived in different climates and had different building materials available to them (Brandt Guzzi, 1985). Those who moved about a great deal had simple shelters they could carry easily, or they built temporary shelters. Indians who stayed in one place built larger, more permanent homes. Some groups built large houses where many families lived together. Others had simple dwellings that housed only a few people. In some cases, shelter changed with the season. Some Indians in Canada built snow houses during the winter. But in the summer, they lived in tents made of animal hides. In the United States, these Indians are sometimes called Eskimos. In other areas, the Indians covered their tepees with animal skins or with tree bark. Indians at the southern tip of South America also used skins to cover shelters called windbreaks, which were open on one side. Some tribes of the Northwest made cloth of bark and reeds, and the Pueblo wove cotton cloth. The Aztec, Inca, Maya, and some Caribbean tribes wove beautiful cotton and woolen cloth. Indians in the hot South American areas often wore no clothing at all. In many tribes, a man wore only a breechcloth, a narrow band of cloth that passed between the legs and looped over the front and rear of a belt. Women wore simple aprons or skirts. Indians in colder climates wore leggings, shirts, and robes. Some wore sandals or moccasins to protect their feet. Travel by water was the most common means of transportation. Many Indians used bark canoes, which were light and easy to carry. Some large dugout canoes carried as many as 60 people. The Plains tribes used dogs and, later, horses to pull a load-carrying frame called a travois. Andean Indians used alpacas and llamas as beasts of burden. But these animals could not carry heavy loads, so the people themselves carried most of their goods. People often supported a heavy load on their back with a pack strap called a tumpline. Indians of the Arctic and the Northwest Coast and some other areas hunted or fished for most of their food. They also hunted some birds only for the feathers, and they prized the fur of beavers and certain other animals. Indians in the West got most of their food by gathering wild seeds, nuts, and roots. Even in the Southwest and other farming areas, hunting, gathering, and fishing were important. The most important game animals of North and South America included deer; rabbits and other small game: ducks, geese, herons, seals, sea lions, whales, turtles, and snakes. Bear, buffalo, caribou, elk, and moose lived only in North America. Animals that were hunted mainly in South America included the guanaco, jaguar, peccary, rhea, and tapir. Indians hunted with the same kinds of weapons they used in war. Many bows and arrows, spears, and clubs had special features for hunting. For example, some Indians used unsharpened arrows to shoot birds in trees. These arrows stunned the birds so that they fell to the ground. The Hopi stunned small game with a kind of boomerang. The Indians caught fish with harpoons, hooks and lines, spears, and traps and nets. Tribes of the Northwest Coast also used long poles called herring rakes. These poles had jagged points and could catch a number of herring at one time. In tropical South America, Indians stood on river sand bars and shot fish with bows and arrows. Both North and South American Indians used drugs to catch fish. In one method, Indians chopped up certain plants and threw them in the water. These plants stunned the fish. Then the Indians could easily scoop them out of the water. Indians of the Northeast and the Tropical Forest used slash-and-burn farming methods. They cut down a number of trees and burned them. Then they planted their crops among the trunks. The ashes from the burned trees served as fertilizer. Indians in Mexico and the Southern United States raised turkeys. Wars occurred from time to time among the tribes of the Americas. But not all tribes took part in warfare. Many tribes opposed fighting, and others were so small that they did not have enough warriors to fight a war. Many of the Indian leaders who tried to defend their tribes and land against the white people became famous warriors. They included King Philip, a Wampanoag; Pontiac, an Ottawa; Tecumseh, a Shawnee; Osceola, a Seminole; Crazy Horse, of the Sioux; and Geronimo, an Apache. The bow and arrow was probably the most common Indian weapon throughout North and South America. Some South American tribes put poison on their arrowheads. Many Indians fought with spears and war clubs (Steele Galdone 1992). The Indians of eastern North America developed a special type of club known as the tomahawk. A weapon of the Aztec consisted of pieces of obsidian (volcanic glass) stuck into a wooden club. South American Indians used blowguns and slings. Warfare gave Indians a chance to achieve high rank in their tribes. On the Plains, it was considered braver to touch a live enemy and get away than to kill the enemy. This act was known as counting coup â€Å"koo†. Warriors on the Plains carried a coup stick into battle and attempted to touch an enemy with it. Those warriors who counted coup wore eagle feathers as signs of their courage.

Breaking of Taboo Essay -- Literacy Analysis

The Breaking of Taboo Adrienne Rich was a very critically acclaimed and widely read poet of her era. Ms. Rich was a rebellious pioneer in expressing her viewpoint through her poetry in what was considered highly taboo topics of her time, such as, politics, lesbianism, and feminism. Adrienne Rich was born on May 16, 1929 in Baltimore, Maryland .Her father was renowned pathologist at John Hopkins University, Dr. Arnold Rich, and her mother Helen Elizabeth Rich, was a concert pianist and composer. Adrienne began writing at a very early age, with the encouragement of her father. As a child she grew up reading works from her fathers extensive library from Tennyson, Keats, Arnold. Blake. Rossetti. Swinburne, Carlyle, and Patter (Booth). Adrienne attended college at A. B. Radcliffe College, and graduated in 1951. In her final year at Radcliffe, her collection, A Change of World, was selected by, W. H. Auden for the Yale Series of Younger Poets award. In 1953 Adrienne married Alfred Conrad, an economics professor at Harvard, whom she had meet while she was an undergraduate student at Harvard. During their marriage they had three children, David, Paul, and Jacob. In the mid- 60’s Adrienne became very involved in Vietnam anti war protests, feminist, and civil right issues. As time went on Alfred thought she was losing her mind because of the obsession and devotion she had to these causes. This created quite a bit of tension in their marriage. In 1970 she separated from Alfred, which lead to his suicide a few months later. Rich’s early works were very traditional and structured. Her style mirrored the poets who she read extensively as a child. As Rich progressed in her writings, her styled changed drastically. Rich took on a dialogue... ... J. Mays. The Norton Introduction to Literature. 10th. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010. 876. Print. Brown, Maressa. "6 Powerful Adrienne Rich Quotes Every Woman Should Read." The Stir, 12 Mar. 2012. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. Meredith, May. "Adrienne Rich: 1929-2012 / Feminist poet turned personal into political." San Francisco Chronicle (10/1/2007 to present) 29 Mar. 2012: A1. Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. Rich, Adrienne, comp. Twenty-One Love Poems. 2nd. Emeryville, Ca.: Effie's Press, 1977. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. Rich, Adrienne. Collected Early Poems 1950-1970. 1st. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993. 419. Print. Rich, Adrienne. Dark Fields of the Republic 1991-1995. New York: W.W. Norton, 1995 3. Print. Schuduel, Matt. "Adrienne Rich, feminist poet who wrote of politics and lesbian identity, dies at 82." 28 Mar. 2012, n. p. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. Breaking of Taboo Essay -- Literacy Analysis The Breaking of Taboo Adrienne Rich was a very critically acclaimed and widely read poet of her era. Ms. Rich was a rebellious pioneer in expressing her viewpoint through her poetry in what was considered highly taboo topics of her time, such as, politics, lesbianism, and feminism. Adrienne Rich was born on May 16, 1929 in Baltimore, Maryland .Her father was renowned pathologist at John Hopkins University, Dr. Arnold Rich, and her mother Helen Elizabeth Rich, was a concert pianist and composer. Adrienne began writing at a very early age, with the encouragement of her father. As a child she grew up reading works from her fathers extensive library from Tennyson, Keats, Arnold. Blake. Rossetti. Swinburne, Carlyle, and Patter (Booth). Adrienne attended college at A. B. Radcliffe College, and graduated in 1951. In her final year at Radcliffe, her collection, A Change of World, was selected by, W. H. Auden for the Yale Series of Younger Poets award. In 1953 Adrienne married Alfred Conrad, an economics professor at Harvard, whom she had meet while she was an undergraduate student at Harvard. During their marriage they had three children, David, Paul, and Jacob. In the mid- 60’s Adrienne became very involved in Vietnam anti war protests, feminist, and civil right issues. As time went on Alfred thought she was losing her mind because of the obsession and devotion she had to these causes. This created quite a bit of tension in their marriage. In 1970 she separated from Alfred, which lead to his suicide a few months later. Rich’s early works were very traditional and structured. Her style mirrored the poets who she read extensively as a child. As Rich progressed in her writings, her styled changed drastically. Rich took on a dialogue... ... J. Mays. The Norton Introduction to Literature. 10th. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010. 876. Print. Brown, Maressa. "6 Powerful Adrienne Rich Quotes Every Woman Should Read." The Stir, 12 Mar. 2012. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. Meredith, May. "Adrienne Rich: 1929-2012 / Feminist poet turned personal into political." San Francisco Chronicle (10/1/2007 to present) 29 Mar. 2012: A1. Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. Rich, Adrienne, comp. Twenty-One Love Poems. 2nd. Emeryville, Ca.: Effie's Press, 1977. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. Rich, Adrienne. Collected Early Poems 1950-1970. 1st. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993. 419. Print. Rich, Adrienne. Dark Fields of the Republic 1991-1995. New York: W.W. Norton, 1995 3. Print. Schuduel, Matt. "Adrienne Rich, feminist poet who wrote of politics and lesbian identity, dies at 82." 28 Mar. 2012, n. p. Web. 15 Apr. 2012.

Culturally Poetic

Culturally Poetic Cultural identity is the collective personality of a people usually associated with a certain group or culture, or that of an individual in relation to certain behavior, thoughts, and influences. (Central Michigan University) These beliefs and shared characteristics allow a group to establish a common ground and in turn make them unique to others. A cultural identity may be national, ethnic, or even generational. Our identity is based upon our differences when compared to other groups. Cultural identity is essentially defined by differences rather than likenesses to others. The identifiable aspects of culture are historical, linguistic, and mental. These three factors may also be found in poetry and are related to the views that an author wishes to express. In my essay, I will seek to identify elements of culture in the following poems: â€Å"Bully†, â€Å"What it’s Like to Be a Black Girl†, â€Å"Self-Pity’s Closet†, â€Å"Rite of Passage†, and â€Å"The Panther†, In Martin Espada’s poem, â€Å"Bully† cultural identity is evident throughout the length of the poem. The poem is introduced by way of location, the time period, and the year, â€Å"In the school auditorium / the Theodore Roosevelt statue / is nostalgic for the Spanish American War† (713). The poet themes seemingly focus on change within American society. This theme is noticeably identifiable in the following stanza: But now the Roosevelt school is pronounced Hernandez. Puerto Rico has invaded Roosevelt with its army of Spanish-singing children in the hallways, brown children devouring the stockpiles of the cafeteria, children painting Taino ancestors that leap naked across murals. 714) Espada effectively provides contrast between Roosevelt’s belief of ethnocentrism and the invasion of the Spanish colonies by comparing the immigration of Puerto Rican families in a 1987 Boston, Massachusetts. At the poem’s ending we are able to envision a revenge of sorts with the children now invading Roosevelt himself. The following stanza is irony at its best and brings the ele ment of culture and change to the forefront, Roosevelt is surrounded by all the faces he ever shoved in eugenic spite and cursed as mongrels, skin of one race, hair and cheekbones of another. (714) This bit of irony is representative of the fact that change once experienced on the island of Puerto Rico now too is prevalent within America. Roosevelt is declared the â€Å"bully† by his conquest and those that were once without power are now empowered through change and assimilation. This poem uses historical factors to establish a cultural identity. Patricia Smith’s, â€Å"What it’s Like to Be a Black Girl† (for Those of You Who Aren’t) approaches the idea of a black girl becoming a woman at a time when race matters were still prevalent. The author begins with a direct but conversation like tone to denote the importance of what is being imparted: First of all, it’s being 9 years old and/ feeling like you’re not finished, like your edges are wild, like there’s something, everything, wrong†¦(672) The theme here is puberty based changes that takes place according to a â€Å"black girl. † The girl feels incomplete because her body is experiencing changes. Smith goes on to describe the girl’s desire to fit into society by wanting to have the physical traits of a white woman. The young girl is displeased with being black and seeks to change her appearance: †¦it’s dropping food coloring In your eyes to make them blue and suffering Their burn in silence. It’s popping a bleached White mophead over the kinks of your hair and primping in front of the mirrors that deny your reflection†¦(672) She goes on to describe the Black Power Movement and the Motown era by mentioning â€Å"it’s flame and fists and life according to Motown. † As a blossoming young girl approaching womanhood she finds it not only difficult to become a woman, but a black woman. Finally, the girl looks forward to every woman’s dream of becoming a bride. This is evidenced in the final three lines: â€Å"it’s finally having a man reach out for you/then caving in/around his fingers. The girl anticipates a completed transition when she will become married. This poem uses mental aspects to form cultural identity during a time or racial tension. Michelle Boisseau’s, â€Å"Self-Pity’s Closet† focuses on the way that society views beauty, self-image, and self-confidence. Boisseau uses figurative speech, imagery, and perceived sounds throughout the poem to bring light to a poor self image. The theme of this poem is equated to as the poem states self-pity. What seemingly appears as others judging us blinds us to the fact that we judge ourselves far worse than others would. The closet so to speak is within the individual feelings of: â€Å"Depression, loneliness, anger, shame, envy† (999) are the basis of self-pity. Feelings of self-loathing and self-hurt are evident in the following lines: after your vast and painful declarations subtle humiliations creeping up like the smell of wet upholstery, dial tone in the brain, the conviction that your friends never really loved you†¦(1000) The author seeks to express an inner fight a person struggles with when worried about the way others perceive them. The narrator uses the words, â€Å"dial tone in the brain† to describe a continuous mode of embarrassment within herself. She is unable to part with a feeling of inadequacy and is therefore trapped by her very own self pity. This poem uses mental aspects by associating self-pity with not being able to identify with the status quo of our cultural identity. In Sharon Olds’s, â€Å"Rite of Passage† a mother examines the behavior of her son and his friend during his birthday party. The title of the poem allows the reader to relate the â€Å"rite of passage† being the journey that her son will take toward manhood. Male maturity is the theme of the poem. What makes the poem ironic is her ability to view them as men though they are but six and seven years old. The following lines are quite imaginable to any mother noticing the machismo nature of young boys: As the guests arrive at my son’s party they gather in the living room— short men, men in first grade with smooth jaws and chins. Hands in pockets, they stand around jostling, jockeying for place, small fights breaking out and calming. One says to another How old are you? Six. I’m seven. So? (811) In the last line we experience a typical conversation between two boys that are likely â€Å"sizing† each other up; the six year old responds to the seven year old â€Å"So? The mother then goes onto visualizing the boys as men with careers by stating, â€Å"They clear their/throats a lot, a room of small bankers/they fold their arms and frown†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One cannot help but to envision the boys as men at a table matching wits at an older age. The birthday boy as if chairman of the bank settles the dispute between his friends in the following lines: â€Å"speaks up as a host/for the sake of the group. /We could easily kill a two-year old,/he says in his clear voice. † The group agrees and the children return to playing or as the mother describes, â€Å"†¦they relax and get down to playing war, celebrating my son’s life. Just as Smith’s â€Å"What it’s Like to Be a Black Girl† focused on a girl approaching maturity so did Olds’ â€Å"Rite of Passage. † Olds uses mature language and terms to equate the behavior expressed by the boys as being their way of coming into manhood. The boys feel a need to intimidate each other with physical threats which showcases their immaturity on their way to adulthood. This poem identifies with the culturally defined behavior of a male having to prove he is a â€Å"man. † In Rainier Rilke’s poem â€Å"The Panther† the poet uses the panther a wild animal to express personification and similes to express confinement. An obvious reason for the panther being the subject is because its color represents a seemingly dark nature and contributes to the poem’s tone. A panther is also known to be a solitary creature that stakes out its prey. The use of the panther represents a theme of entrapment that most readers are able to identify with. The panther’s discontentment and longing to be free from his troubles is expressed as the cage’s bars. He has become so accustomed to seeing the bars that he no longer sees anything but what appears directly in front of him it is as if he has lost himself. The panther’s desperation in a sense mirrors human personality. Rilke’s offers her interpretation of this poetically by saying, His vision, from the constantly passing bars, has grown so weary that it cannot hold anything else. It seems to him there are a thousand bars and behind the bars, no world. (674) Rilke’s makes us aware that although the panther is confined we are still able to see its power and its beauty. Though caged he is still himself though he feels â€Å"paralyzed† by the cage; this feeling is interpreted in the following lines, â€Å"As he paces in cramped circles, over and over/the movement of his powerful soft strides/is like a ritual dance around a center/in which a mighty will stands paralyzed. The idea of confinement is relatable to a prisoner or anyone trapped in a situation with seemingly no way out. The panther yearns for more and this is evidenced by his pacing and boredom with his life. In the end the panther has lost his soul and his excitement is reduced to the opening of his eyes ever so slightly . It seems that the panther takes his final glance that touches him inwardly to the point his body becomes tense and his heart is excited for a split second until he realizes his situation and no longer bothers to react. This idea is well expressed in the final stanza. Only at times, the curtain of the pupils lifts, quietly—. An image enters in, rushes down through the tensed, arrested muscles, plunges into the heart and is gone. Rilke in â€Å"The Panther† and Boisseau in her â€Å"Self-Pity’s Closet† both convey the message of an inner struggle within their subjects. The poems are able to speak to the reader on a personal level and make the connection of human emotion with their dark but personal nature. â€Å"The Panther† embodied a feeling of weariness and surrender that human often time encounter in not one but within all societies and cultures. Often times we find ourselves staying within the box or the status quo instead of stepping outside of the box-in this case the cage. In comparison, the five poems that I have chosen to review are full of impact and take on a deeper meaning. They touch on outward appearances as well as inner feelings. They were all able to bring out identifiable aspects that we are all able to connect with through either personal or secondary experiences. In contrast, â€Å"Bully† came from a historical standpoint, while â€Å"What it’s Like to Be a Black Girl† and â€Å"Rite of Passage† focused on what is accepted by society. Lastly, â€Å"Self-Pity’s Closet† and â€Å"The Panther† dealt with inner struggles and the way that we tend to view ourselves when we take an inner look. Works Cited Central Michigan University. Cultural Identity as an Instrument. 8 May 2006. 3 November 2009 . Boisseau, Michelle. â€Å"Self Pity's Closet. † Mayer, Michael. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2009. 999-1000. Espada, Martin. â€Å"Bully. Mayer, Michael. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2009. 713-714. Olds, Sharon. â€Å"Rite of Passage. † Mayer, Michael. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2009. 811-812. Rilke, Rainier Maria. â€Å"The Panther. † Mayer, Michael. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2009. 674. Smith, Patricia. â€Å"What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl. † Mayer, Michael. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literat ure. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2009. 672-73

Cyberbullying, By Justin Healey - 884 Words

To prevent cyberbullying, we need to go beyond responding to harm once an incident has occurred and practice healthy mindsets and relationships. In her article, Cyberbullying, Jennifer Holladay defines the form of bullying as an act of repeated harassment and humiliation with the use of technology. Also, unlike traditional bullying, it comes with a much wider audience. Bullies generally bully because of issues at home and their lack of coping skills. According to Stomp Out Bullying, bullies might be detached, have poor self-esteem, need an outlet, or just don’t understand how to socialize. This leads to the display of name calling, put downs, physical abuse, and manipulation. In terms of Cyberbullying it could be because they feel more in control when being anonymous. Bullies might have adult role models who themselves are bullies causing them to learn from those behaviors. This defines the lack of healthy relationship skills, empathy, compassion and the lack of a healthy mind set. Healthy relationships include communication, honesty, and most of all, respect. In Justin Healey’s eBook, Respectful Relationships, he talks about the importance of respectful relationships; it gives us the ability to mature, create self-confidence and self-expression, as well as mindfulness of oneself and others. Having relationships built on respect create support systems in which one feels comfortable, safe, valued and heard. Bullies do not have a sense of respect, online or not, when they are